In the aftermath of the post-9/11 “Global War on Terror” and amidpersistent conflicts and political repression worldwide, thousands ofindividuals continue to face prolonged, indefinite detention without formal charges, credible evidence, or access to fair judicial processes. Drawing on one emblematic long-term case at Guantánamo Bay as a prototype, this review illuminates systemic patterns of arbitrary detention that inflict severe  psychological and physical harm on innocents. As of early 2026, 15 detainees remain at Guantánamo Bay,many of whom have been held for over two decades without charge.Parallel practices persist globally, including mass arbitrary arrests during protests, administrative immigration detention, and politically motivated detentions. Grounded in declassified official records, United Nations findings, and human rights documentation, this article argues that such detentions constitute grave violations of international law and fundamental human dignity. It issues an urgent humanitarian call for theimmediate release of all uncharged detainees, meaningful reparations, full accountability for perpetrators, and structural reforms to safeguard liberty and due process.