Abstract

The Strait of Hormuz crisis represents one of the most critical threats to global energy security due to its strategic position as a primary النفط transit chokepoint. This review analyzes the geopolitical tensions, legal frameworks, and economic vulnerabilities associated with disruptions in the Strait.  The findings indicate that even partial disruptions can trigger significant oil price volatility, geopolitical instability, and global economic shocks. The review concludes that diversified energy strategies and strengthened maritime governance are essential to mitigate future risks.