Abstract

Judicial institutions occupy a central position within modern constitutional democracies. They function as interpreters of constitutional texts, protectors of fundamental rights, guardians of constitutional supremacy, and arbiters of disputes among competing political actors and governmental institutions. Their significance becomes particularly evident during periods of political instability, constitutional uncertainty, contested elections, executive-legislative conflicts, states of emergency, and broader governance crises. In such circumstances, courts often become the ultimate institutional forum for determining constitutional meaning and restoring legal order.